Research and Development
Science of the mysteries of life and pursuit of natural mechanisms.
Research and Development of LEM & MAK
Recently, fermented foods have been attracting attention as health foods. Fermented foods [LEM][MAK] developed by Noda Shokubutsu Kogyo are packed with unknown power that has yet to be elucidated, with more than 90 patents, 100 papers published, and presentations at domestic academic conferences. We aim to establish a variety of backup systems, including product development by researchers in our own laboratory, sales and support by our sales staff, and the pursuit of evidence through our network of medical institutions and public organizations.
At Noda Shokukin, we place great importance on scientific evidence for our ingredients. We have obtained a number of various patents based on this data and strive to ensure the reliability and certainty of our products through academic papers.
Collaborative Research
We conduct joint research with universities and medical institutions and publish the results in academic papers. We are working to expand the possibilities of functional foods in collaboration with the Japanese Pharmaceutical Society, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), and the field of integrative medicine.
[Basic study]
■ UNIVERSITY OF TOYAMA
■ JOSAI UNIVERSITY
■ UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA
■ KINDAI UNIVERSITY
■ UNIVERSITY OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH,JAPAN
■ Fukuoka University
■ Fukuyama University
[Clinical trials]
■ KEIJU MEDICAL CENTER
■ ORIENTM MITAKA-CLINIC
■ YUKAWA ICHO HOSPITAL
Evidence: LEM Academic Reports example
There are many Academic Reports regarding several effect of LEM. <Examples>
•Treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis with LEM (Author: Dr.Harada/Dr.Kanetaka)
•Polysaccharides Improve Immunocompetence in HIV-Infected Patients (Dr.Shirahata etc.)
•Treatment of hepatitis B patients with Lentinus edodes mycelium (Dr.Amagase)
■ Clinical Trial of Chronic Hepatitis B Treatment with LEM (Shiitake Mushroom Mycelia-G rowing Medium Extract)
<Product Summary>
L EM is commercially available as a health food and has a high safety profile.
<Trial Summary>
A clinical study was conducted on 40 patients with chronic hepatitis B to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LEM. Patients were orally administered 6g of LEM per day for 4 consecutive months.
<Test Results>
・Liver function was improved by LEM administration.
・Serum DNA polymerase activity and HBV-DNA levels were significantly decreased in HBV markers.
・Seventeen of 40 patients tested negative for HBeAg and 10 patients seroconverted to HBeAg positive.
・In patients with chronic active hepatitis, the seroconversion rate was 36.8%.
・The only side effects were mild abdominal distention and soft stools in one patient, suggesting that LEM is safe.
<Conclusion>
LEM may improve immunocompetence in HIV-infected patients, and further studies are expected.
List of LEM Academic Reports examples
- Kohayakawa S. et al. (2018) Anti-allergic effects of a water-soluble lignin rich fraction (JLS-18) prepared from the extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). New food industry 60. 42-48. (In Japanese)
- Kuroki T. et al. (2018) Inhibition of influenza virus infection by Lentinus edodes mycelia extract through its direct action and immunopotentiating activity. Frontiers in Microbiology 9. 1164.
- Xuan M. et al. (2017) Cerebroprotective effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Lentinus edodes New food industry 59. 1-14. (In Japanese)
- Horiuchi S. et al. (2016) Neuroprotective effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Lentinus edodesmycelia (LEM). New food industry 58. 1-10. (In Japanese)
- Xuan M. et al. (2011) Protective effects of a water-soluble extract from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia against neuronal damage after hypoxia-ischemia in mice. The Japanese Society for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 8. 99-107. (In Japanese)
- Yamamoto Y. et al. (1997) Immunopotentiating activity of the water-soluble lignin rich fraction prepared from LEM -The extract of the solid culture medium of Lentinus edodes Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 61. 1909-1912.
- Morinaga H. et al. (1994) An in vivo study of hepatic and splenic interleukin-1β mRNA expression following oral PSK or LEM administration. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 85. 1298-1303.
- Hibino Y. et al. (1994) Productions of interferon-γ and nitrite are induced in mouse splenic cells by a heteroglycan-protein fraction from culture medium of Lentinus edodes Immunopharmacology 28. 77-85.
- Sarkar S. et al. (1993) Antiviral effect of the extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1. Antiviral Research 20. 293-303.
- Kajihara J. et al. (1993) Characterization of antiviral water-soluble lignin from bagasse degraded by Lentinus edodes. Holzforshung 47. 479-485.
- Hattori T. et al. (1993) Formate and Oxalate Esters in Lignin Obtained from Bagasse Degraded by Lentinus edodes. Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society 39. 1317-1321.
- Morinaga H. et al. (1992) Inhibitive effects of LEM by oral administration of AH-60C and RL♂1 for liver metastasis. Biotherapy 6. 763-765. (In Japanese)
- Mizoguchi Y. et al. (1992) Effect of extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) on platelet activating factor synthesis from mouse hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Kampo Medicine 42. 307-311. (In Japanese)
- Tabata T. et al. (1992) Mitogenic activities of heteroglycan and heteroglycan- protein fractions from culture medium of Lentinus edodes Immunopharmacology 24. 57-63.
- Ichikawa Y. et al. (1991) Effect of extract from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia on intracellular calcium ion concentration in the peritoneal exudate macrophages. Journal of Traditional Medicines 8. 162-166. (In Japanese)
- Suzuki Y. et al. (1990) Antitumor effect of water-soluble fraction prepared from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia, on colonic tumors induced by azoxymethane in rats. Journal of the Japan Society of Coloproctology 43. 178-191. (In Japanese)
- Shirahata A. et al. (1990) Improvement of immunity in HIV-infected patients by polysaccharides. Immunopharmacology & Therapy 9. 103-106. (In Japanese)
- Hanafusa T. et al. (1990) Intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of immunoactive and antiviral water-soluble [14C] lignins in rats. Xenobiotic Metabolism and Disposition 5. 661-674. (In Japanese)
- Suzuki H. et al. (1990) Structural characterization of the immunoactive and antiviral water-solubilized lignin in an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes Mycelia (LEM). Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54. 479-487.
- Sorimachi K. et al. (1990) Morphological changes of tumor cells caused by macrophages treated with lignin derivatives. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54. 1611-1613.
- Sorimachi K. et al. (1990) Anti-viral activity of water-solubilized lignin derivatives in vitro. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54. 1337-1339.
- Sorimachi K. et al. (1990) Multinucleation of macrophages with water-solubilized lignin derivatives in vitro. Cell Structure and Function 15. 317-322.
- Suzuki H. et al. (1989) Inhibition of the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by water-soluble lignin in an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 160. 367-373.
- Suzuki H. et al. (1988) Immunopotenciating substances in Lentinus edodes mycelial extract (LEM) -Activation of macrophage and proliferation of bone marrow cell -. Journal of Japanese Society of Gastroenterology 85. 1430-1430. (In Japanese)
- Tochikura T.S. et al. (1988) Inhibition (in vitro) of replication and of the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes Medical Microbiology and Immunology 177. 235-244.
- Matsumura H. et al. (1987) A water-soluble extract of Lentinus edodes mycelia (shiitake mushroom mycelia) on mouse macrophages and its protective effect against bacterial infection. Journal of the Japan Society of the Reticuloendothelial System 27. 201-207. (In Japanese)
- Mizoguchi Y. et al. (1987) Effects of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia extract (LEM) on immunologically induced hepatocellular injury and antibody response in vitro. Kan-Tan-Sui 15. 127-135. (In Japanese)
- Harada T. and Kanetaka T. Therapeutic efficacy of LEM (extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia) against HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. Kan-Tan-Sui 14. 327-325. (In Japanese)
- Mizoguchi Y. et al. (1987) Protection of liver cells against experimental damage by extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). Gastroenterologia Japonica 22. 459-464.
- Mizoguchi Y. et al. (1987) Effects of extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) on polyclonal antibody response induced by pokeweed mitogen. Gastroenterologia Japonica 22. 627-632.
- Amagase H. (1987) Treatment of hepatitis B patients with Lentinus edodes In New trends peptic ulcer and chronic hepatitis-partⅡ chronic hepatitis. Excepta Medica, Tokyo 316-321.
- Suzuki H. et al. (1986) Immunological activities of high molecular fractions purified from Lentinus edodes mycelia extract (LEM) -Mø activating effect and mitogenic activity-. Igaku no Ayumi 138. 441-442. (In Japanese)
- Sugano N. et al. (1985) Anticarcinogenic action of an alcohol-insoluble fraction (LAP1) from culture medium of Lentinus edodes Cancer Letters 27. 1-6.
- Sugano N. et al. (1982) Anticarcinogenic actions of water-soluble and alcohol- insoluble fractions from culture medium of Lentinus edodes Cancer Letters 17. 109-114.
List of LEM Academic Reports examples
- Kohayakawa S. et al. (2018) Anti-allergic effects of a water-soluble lignin rich fraction (JLS-18) prepared from the extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). New food industry 60. 42-48. (In Japanese)
- Kuroki T. et al. (2018) Inhibition of influenza virus infection by Lentinus edodes mycelia extract through its direct action and immunopotentiating activity. Frontiers in Microbiology 9. 1164.
- Xuan M. et al. (2017) Cerebroprotective effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Lentinus edodes New food industry 59. 1-14. (In Japanese)
- Horiuchi S. et al. (2016) Neuroprotective effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Lentinus edodesmycelia (LEM). New food industry 58. 1-10. (In Japanese)
- Xuan M. et al. (2011) Protective effects of a water-soluble extract from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia against neuronal damage after hypoxia-ischemia in mice. The Japanese Society for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 8. 99-107. (In Japanese)
- Yamamoto Y. et al. (1997) Immunopotentiating activity of the water-soluble lignin rich fraction prepared from LEM -The extract of the solid culture medium of Lentinus edodes Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 61. 1909-1912.
- Morinaga H. et al. (1994) An in vivo study of hepatic and splenic interleukin-1β mRNA expression following oral PSK or LEM administration. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 85. 1298-1303.
- Hibino Y. et al. (1994) Productions of interferon-γ and nitrite are induced in mouse splenic cells by a heteroglycan-protein fraction from culture medium of Lentinus edodes Immunopharmacology 28. 77-85.
- Sarkar S. et al. (1993) Antiviral effect of the extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1. Antiviral Research 20. 293-303.
- Kajihara J. et al. (1993) Characterization of antiviral water-soluble lignin from bagasse degraded by Lentinus edodes. Holzforshung 47. 479-485.
- Hattori T. et al. (1993) Formate and Oxalate Esters in Lignin Obtained from Bagasse Degraded by Lentinus edodes. Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society 39. 1317-1321.
- Morinaga H. et al. (1992) Inhibitive effects of LEM by oral administration of AH-60C and RL♂1 for liver metastasis. Biotherapy 6. 763-765. (In Japanese)
- Mizoguchi Y. et al. (1992) Effect of extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) on platelet activating factor synthesis from mouse hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Kampo Medicine 42. 307-311. (In Japanese)
- Tabata T. et al. (1992) Mitogenic activities of heteroglycan and heteroglycan- protein fractions from culture medium of Lentinus edodes Immunopharmacology 24. 57-63.
- Ichikawa Y. et al. (1991) Effect of extract from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia on intracellular calcium ion concentration in the peritoneal exudate macrophages. Journal of Traditional Medicines 8. 162-166. (In Japanese)
- Suzuki Y. et al. (1990) Antitumor effect of water-soluble fraction prepared from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia, on colonic tumors induced by azoxymethane in rats. Journal of the Japan Society of Coloproctology 43. 178-191. (In Japanese)
- Shirahata A. et al. (1990) Improvement of immunity in HIV-infected patients by polysaccharides. Immunopharmacology & Therapy 9. 103-106. (In Japanese)
- Hanafusa T. et al. (1990) Intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of immunoactive and antiviral water-soluble [14C] lignins in rats. Xenobiotic Metabolism and Disposition 5. 661-674. (In Japanese)
- Suzuki H. et al. (1990) Structural characterization of the immunoactive and antiviral water-solubilized lignin in an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes Mycelia (LEM). Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54. 479-487.
- Sorimachi K. et al. (1990) Morphological changes of tumor cells caused by macrophages treated with lignin derivatives. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54. 1611-1613.
- Sorimachi K. et al. (1990) Anti-viral activity of water-solubilized lignin derivatives in vitro. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54. 1337-1339.
- Sorimachi K. et al. (1990) Multinucleation of macrophages with water-solubilized lignin derivatives in vitro. Cell Structure and Function 15. 317-322.
- Suzuki H. et al. (1989) Inhibition of the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by water-soluble lignin in an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 160. 367-373.
- Suzuki H. et al. (1988) Immunopotenciating substances in Lentinus edodes mycelial extract (LEM) -Activation of macrophage and proliferation of bone marrow cell -. Journal of Japanese Society of Gastroenterology 85. 1430-1430. (In Japanese)
- Tochikura T.S. et al. (1988) Inhibition (in vitro) of replication and of the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes Medical Microbiology and Immunology 177. 235-244.
- Matsumura H. et al. (1987) A water-soluble extract of Lentinus edodes mycelia (shiitake mushroom mycelia) on mouse macrophages and its protective effect against bacterial infection. Journal of the Japan Society of the Reticuloendothelial System 27. 201-207. (In Japanese)
- Mizoguchi Y. et al. (1987) Effects of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia extract (LEM) on immunologically induced hepatocellular injury and antibody response in vitro. Kan-Tan-Sui 15. 127-135. (In Japanese)
- Harada T. and Kanetaka T. Therapeutic efficacy of LEM (extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia) against HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. Kan-Tan-Sui 14. 327-325. (In Japanese)
- Mizoguchi Y. et al. (1987) Protection of liver cells against experimental damage by extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). Gastroenterologia Japonica 22. 459-464.
- Mizoguchi Y. et al. (1987) Effects of extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) on polyclonal antibody response induced by pokeweed mitogen. Gastroenterologia Japonica 22. 627-632.
- Amagase H. (1987) Treatment of hepatitis B patients with Lentinus edodes In New trends peptic ulcer and chronic hepatitis-partⅡ chronic hepatitis. Excepta Medica, Tokyo 316-321.
- Suzuki H. et al. (1986) Immunological activities of high molecular fractions purified from Lentinus edodes mycelia extract (LEM) -Mø activating effect and mitogenic activity-. Igaku no Ayumi 138. 441-442. (In Japanese)
- Sugano N. et al. (1985) Anticarcinogenic action of an alcohol-insoluble fraction (LAP1) from culture medium of Lentinus edodes Cancer Letters 27. 1-6.
- Sugano N. et al. (1982) Anticarcinogenic actions of water-soluble and alcohol- insoluble fractions from culture medium of Lentinus edodes Cancer Letters 17. 109-114.
① Key Points
•The study aims to elucidate the antiviral & immunopotentiating effects of LEM against influenza virus.
•Effects of LEM:
•Direct inhibition of the early stages of viral infection (entry and uncoating).
•Promotion of interferon-β (IFN-β) production, thereby activating immune responses.
•Decreased viral load and dramatic reduction in lung inflammation.
② Results
•In Vitro Experiments:
•LEM inhibited plaque formation in a dose-dependent manner, achieving over 85% suppression at maximum concentration.
•Minimal cytotoxicity was observed.
•In Vivo Experiments:
•Intranasal administration of LEM improved survival rates in mice.
•Oral administration reduced the severity of pneumonia and decreased pulmonary lesions.
•Early activation of IFN-β production effectively suppressed viral spread.
•Overall Conclusion:
•LEM has the potential to inhibit influenza infection through direct antiviral action and enhancement of immune responses.
We can also provide you with samples of each raw material.
We can also provide you with samples of each raw material.